Linux/UNIX – Grundkurs

The training is aimed at people who want a quick and clear introduction to the Linux operating system. This includes anyone with a general interest in Linux, anyone who will use Linux, or as a first step for those who will administer Linux systems. The focus is on learning to manage Linux systems via the command line

• What a Linux system is and how to use it
• Linux architecture and underlying processes
• The differences between various Linux distributions and UNIX.
• Using the basic commands found in Linux systems.

The course assumes that you have used Windows or MacOS before taking the course. You do not need to have used the command line, written scripts or worked with Linux before. However, the course also works well for those who already have some experience with Linux and programming - you will then be able to deepen your knowledge

1. Introduction  

• Brief general introduction to operating systems, resources and interfaces.
• The historical development from UNIX to Linux.
• Design goals and design principles.
• Portability
• UNIX families and UNIX dialects.
• Linux distributions

2. Resource management  

• The Linux kernel
• Multitasking and process management.
• The memory model; physical and virtual memory.
• The file system; physical versus logical.
• Hardware requirements; CPU, primary and secondary memory (swap).

3. File system  

• Physical file system, partitions and sectors.
• Logical file system, index nodes and file tree.
• Directory structure and default paths.
• Hard and soft links.
• File and directory commands.

4. Filters  

• Redirection and pipes.
• Synchronization, filtering and sorting.
• Stream editing and encryption.
• Filter syntax and filter commands.

5. Command Prompt (Shell)  

• Properties of different types of shells.
• Bourne shell, Korn shell and csh.
• General command syntax.
• Path variables and metacharacters.
• The shell's execution order.
• Alias, history and Job-control.
• Global and local shell configuration: startup files.

6. Text processing tools  

• General about Linux tools for editing and formatting.
• Review of vi, emacs, sed, awk, cut, paste.
• Orientation on graphic text tools (Libre Office etc.).

7. Shell programming  

• Writing portable shell programs (Bourne shell script).
• Command files, interactive and autonomous shell programs.
• Sequences, variables and interaction.
• Test and selection kits.
• Repetition sets, functions; definition and application.
• Exception handling and default signals
• Return codes

8. Security  

• Structure and function of the password system
• Length and design of well-chosen passwords in a Linux system
• UID, GID, file access attribute and setuid
• Security aspects linked to networks
• Secure Shell (SSH)
• Oreintation about Wrappers and Kerberos,

9. Network  

• TCP/IP
• Central versus distributed environment
• NFS
• SMB (Samba)
• Internet - servers and clients
• Compression and decompression of files.
• Troubleshooting tools

Exercises:   Each chapter includes practical exercises and demonstrations, including:

• Management of Linux's various built-in help systems,
• Using basic resource information commands,
• Basic file management including management of links,
• Use of techniques to direct output from commands to files (redirection), merge files and connect commands (pipes),
• Configuration of command interpreters (shell),
• Use of tools to automatically edit text files,
• Creation of simple shell scripts that read parameters from the command line,
• Management of rights on files and directories,
• Using window-based programs (X applications) via SSH.